Global Warming "Pause" is on the Way | TrendinTech

Global Warming “Pause” is on the Way

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The last few years have shown the highest temperatures that have ever been recorded. So, should we be overly concerned with this information? We have to take two things into account – the long-term pattern where there is increased heat each year, then short term figures that are influenced by the seasons and weather changes.

These two aspects are joining to give the current situation and although February 2016 was the hottest month ever there is no need to panic. This is an El Nino year, and when these occur, the temperatures do rise. Global warming is not responsible for the temperatures that have been reached recently, but there is the worry that the overall increase in temperature is continuing and not seeming to tail off.

Each century there is a rise and to an extent, humans can control this. There is also the concern that when the current rise in temperature subside, global warming will not be an issue, and this is not the case. There is no reason for it to stop. It is easy to claim this is a short term issue and nothing else, but there is still a long-term rise. Even global warming skeptics have carried out a study and concluded that decisions could not be made for short term periods – up to 15 years.

Temporary spikes have always happened, but the figures are not falling, and the problem belongs to the whole world. We can’t pretend there is no problem, or it will be too late to deal with the issue.

Updated Version Of Global Warming " Hiatus " is on the Way — Average of NASA GISS, NOAA NCDC, and HadCRUT4 monthly global surface temperature anomalies from January 1970 through November 2012 (green) with linear trends applied to the timeframes Jan ’70 – Oct ’77, Apr ’77 – Dec ’86, Sep ’87 – Nov ’96, Jun ’97 – Dec ’02, and Nov ’02 – Nov ’12. Image Credit: Skeptical Science at http://www.skepticalscience.com/does-global-warming-pause-mean-what-you-think.html.

Story Via Forbes, Author Ethan Siegel ( Astrophysicist ) Follow him on Twitter,

What Cancer Cells Use to Grow Bigger?

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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It has long been known how quickly cancer cells spread and sugar is a product feeding them. MIT have discovered that amino acids are in fact worse for encouraging the proliferation of cancer cells. This knowledge should enable the production of new cancer-fighting drugs. Biology professor Matthew Vander Heiden believes that the way to target cancer is to understand how cells reproduce.

The Warburg effect has been known since the 1920s and this states that cancer cells make energy in a different way to other cells. Cancer cells do not require oxygen to reproduce but other than that, little is known about the path they follow.

Mammals consume a variety of food, so it is hard to determine what should be limited according to Vander Heiden. Cells were cultivated and tests carried out to determine what was responsible and by weighing cells after adding different nutrients, worked out how much increase was determined by what food product. Amino acids were found to make up as much as 40% of the size.

Jared Rutter of the University of Utah was not part of the research but states that the experiments confirm many understandings surrounding the cells growth. He added that the team from MIT had been rigorous in their assessments and Vander Heiden added that there is logic to the findings. He is now carrying on his research in an attempt to discover why glucose that changes to lactate allows amino acids to cause more cells to develop.

Original Story, Anne Trafton | MIT News

Scientists Have a Plan to Freeze Water over Antartica for Stoping the Rising Sea Level

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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It seems that the latest idea to stop oceans rising in Antarctica is to freeze them. It may seem an outrageous decision, and a lot of water will need to be frozen. It does, however, appear that this is a possible task, and it seems that the time to do it is now.

There are fears that the water will still rise, even if it was possible to stop greenhouse gas emissions. There has been a calculation that has determined that there is going to be a 3-foot rise in sea level over the present, century and without finding a way to deal with this there will many people affected, especially for people living around the coast.

German and American scientists have used computers to see the effects of pumping water over the Antarctic ice sheet. If they could add water every two years, and pour in enough to fill the Great Salt Lake twice, the sea level could reduce by three feet as long as the procedure lasted for 100 years.

Scientists Have a Plan to Freeze Water over Antartica for Rising the Sea Level — 2 °C Warming and Sea Level Rise / CLICK ON IMAGE ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE VERSION

There are however a few issues as ongoing warming was not taken into account, and there has also been an ethical issue raised. This will not change the problem, just be a temporary solution and the new ice will just go the way of the old. There are also no reports of the effect there could be on the ecosystems. Whatever the decision is with regards to this, something has to be done – and quickly.

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World’s Largest Lithium NMC Battery Storage System Built in South Korea

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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There are a variety of uses for grid-level battery storage as it prevents fluctuations and stops the requirement of “peaker” plants, and also allows a small amount of backup power. There is also a constant 60 Hz frequency. Kokam is developing the largest lithium NMC battery.

A traditional generator pushes up output to counteract any dips in frequency. However, there are problems. Firstly, there is a slow response; sometimes there is overcompensation, and lastly, there is a waste of fuel. The answer seems to be energy storage systems, and here there will be a quicker response, savings on fuel use and frequency control.

The South Korea Electric Power Corporation is involved and is convinced that savings will end up being three times the price paid, as well as less damage to the generator. Ike Hong of Kokam’s Power Solutions Division proclaims that as well as power density, there is also a strong performance provided. Improvements provided by using the ultra-high power NMC include treatment to the surface that lengthens the life of the battery, a design that cuts back on internal resistance meaning less energy is lost. Finally, there is not a prismatic structure but a pouch-type cell structure.

World's Largest Lithium NMC Battery Storage System Built in South Korea

There is a unique cooling system that affects only the temperature of the rack instead of the whole container. Storage is usually the issue when it comes to things such as electric vehicles, and there should be a drop in price and performance improvement. As a result, industry and consumers win.

For more info visit company’s website.

Colonoscopy May Be More Effective Than Sigmoidoscopy To Find The Colorectal Cancer

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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There is a new way to check for *colon cancer and a **colonoscopy is proving to be more successful than ***sigmoidoscopy. Now the full colon is being checked rather than just a section. It could also be possible to verify the causes of tumours and according to Andrew Chan Massachusetts General HMS associate professor, there is prove that colonoscopy is best even if it is not perfect.

Both procedures enable a camera to film the surface of the colon, but the colonoscopy reaches much more. At-risk individuals are advised to be checked every five via sigmoidoscopy or 10 years via colonoscopy once they are over 50.

There is proof that sigmoidoscopy cuts down on deaths from colorectal cancer and yet more tests are being carried out to determine which is the most effective procedure. 89,000 took part in research and then a follow-up study from 1988 to 2008. They reported on the type of procedure and the reason for it, and if they got cancer, their reports were reviewed.

The results showed that a sigmoidoscopy only cut out the risk of dying from tumours on the left side and yet a colonoscopy reduced the risk of colorectal cancer deaths from tumours anywhere in the colon.

There could be 15 years’ cancer free after a negative colonoscopy and even of polyps had been discovered it could be five years. When there was cancer detected in a shorter timescale, it tended to be a sessile serrated adenoma that was involved and this is hard to detect.

*Colorectal Cancer ( Colon Cancer ) is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. The colon and the rectum are parts of the large intestine, which is the lower part of the body’s digestive system.

**Colonoscopy is a procedure in which a trained specialist uses a long, flexible, narrow tube with a light and tiny camera on one end, called a colonoscope or scope, to look inside your rectum and colon. Colonoscopy can show irritated and swollen tissue, ulcers, polyps, and cancer.

***Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure by which a doctor inserts either a short and rigid or slightly longer and flexible fiber-optic tube into the rectum to examine the lower portion of the large intestine (or bowel). Sigmoidoscopy is used most often in screening for colorectal cancer or to determine the cause of rectal bleeding.

Original Story; Harvard Medical School

A Study Suggest That Many Breast Removal Surgeries Actually Unnecessary

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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Pre-empting breast cancer will save many lives and breast removal is seen to be a good way to do this. A study is now suggesting that this may not be the case and many women are having their breasts removed and not gaining any benefit from it. In the United Kingdom, there are 4,000 double mastectomies* carried out each year. The women believe that they are preventing cancer, but a recent report out of Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital states that most would not get cancer anyway.

Complications arise after surgery and this can be physical and emotional – many suffer from depression after the operation. 500,000 breast cancer patient were studied in the U.S. in an attempt to see if they suffered cancer a second time.

Results showed that there was no increase in survival rates, despite the fact that there was a rise in the amount of woman having healthy breasts removed. Dr. Mehra Golshan Brigham Women’s Hospitals chair of oncology stated that the research showed that breast removal did not offer higher survival rates despite the increase in the number of procedures carried out.

A Study Suggest That Many Breast Removal Surgeries Actually Unnecessary

He carried on to say that patients should consider how they will feel after the procedure, the risk of complications, and the fact that there could still be further surgery needed. At present 8% of the 35,000 women in Britain diagnosed opt for breast removal.

Some women opt for a double mastectomy as losing one breast would give them an unbalanced look, and understanding the reasons, gives more chance for other options to be considered.

*Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer.

Original Story; annsurgoncol.org

Clean Energy is Transforming Northern Pakistan

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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Flooding and extreme weather are the norms in the Himalayas of Pakistan. Lives, however, are being changed as the glacier-fed rivers are being harnessed. Clothes that once had to be washed at the river for a full day can now be completed in a matter of hours according to Gulasim, who lives in Chitral Northern Pakistan.

Washing machines can be used thanks to micro hydropower plants and electricity is being produced meaning children can play during daylight then study with a lamp later on. Although there are 40 years of experience using hydropower plants to bring energy to these areas, it is only since 2014 that the Smart Village Initiative at Oxford and Cambridge Universities and the Rural Support Network have worked together. Three million households cannot be connected to the grid, and it is for these families that microgrids are providing a solution.

Clean Energy is Transforming Pakistan — Locals contribute the effort to build and maintain the power projects [image by Sarhad Rural Support Programme]

Central and South America, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia are home to the Smart Villages Initiative, and the aim is to bring energy to places the grid cannot reach. Villages work with scientists and regulators to ensure the best results. Businesses can run more efficiently, and life is improved for women as the workload decreases. The Ashden award has been received by the Sarhad Rural Support Programme and the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme. These projects have succeeded while solar power schemes have failed. Balochistan has solar energy, but storage is a problem, a project is ongoing at Cambridge University to allow production of more efficient lithium-oxygen batteries.

For more info about Pakistan’s Energy Transform visit; technologyreview.pk

Touch Sensitive, BioMetric 3D Printed Fingers

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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Prosthetics are becoming more and more realistic, and it is possible to produce affordable 3D printed ones. Add to this hands that can be moveable enough to send an email – and be produced in a size suitable for the person wearing it. There is, however, one thing that they cannot do, and that is to allow feeling and bring back the sense of touch. That could change however thanks to the research carried out by the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. They’ve produced a hand that can tell the difference between rough and smooth.

User Dennis Aavo Sorenson says that it is a realistic feeling and coarseness can be felt. eLife journal reports that fingertip including the sensors has been via nodes to the stump if his arm. It is hoped that this will lead to users being able to tell texture, weight and temperature of the world around them.

Tests were carried out on non-amputees, and the electrode connected to a nerve. 77% of the time, they could tell the difference in texture, and Sorenson also did this and was correct 96% of the time. An EEG tested the brain wave activity of non-amputees and amputees and found that both used the same part of the brain, and this proved the findings were correct.

It may still be early days, but the future is hopeful both for amputees and the use of robots.

For more info visit; elifesciences.org

Bioenergy Can’t Compete With Our Meat Demand

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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The answer to carbon emissions seems to be biomass fuels. The production of bioenergy is closer to being net neutral rather than the presently used fossil fuels. Companies such as Cool Planet are now claiming that they will be able to produce carbon negative fuels.

The problem is going to be when it comes to going commercial, and it is the problem. The land is needed to grow crops for food to feed the ever-growing population, so how can it be justified to take it and grow crops for bioenergy. Tim Lenton and Tom Powell – researchers at Exeter University – raise this question in a paper they have written called Energy and Environmental Science.

As prosperity increases, meat production needs to increase, and this is land-intensive. Meat and dairy product production will rise to keep the population fed, and according to the researchers, the production of food takes up 40% of the productive surface of the world.

People are consuming more and more meat and dairy products every year. Worldwide meat production is projected to more than double from 229 million tonnes in 1999/2001 to 465 million tonnes in 2050, while milk output is set to climb from 580 to 1043 million tonnes.

As Lenton and Powell have discovered, raising livestock is not in the least bit efficient and managing to make changes to this will benefit many.

More land is needed for food and it needs to be natural. This raises the problem of how to produce the bioenergy crops. Vegetarianism would help, but selling this idea is not going to be easy. Bioenergy production is going to increase but won’t become the leading energy source. Even by 2050, it will still be a small player. While we want to eat, fossil fuels will not be replaced by bioenergy.

Construction and Engineering Are About to Change Forever With This 3D Material

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

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Construction and engineering could be about to change forever. Snapology is the technology that allows material to change the size and shape meaning that there is the potential to produce buildings that can flatten and then pop up again. Based on origami, there are many opportunities for this material to be used in the future.

According to Chuck Hoberman, talking to Nature Communications, there are opportunities for dynamic architecture, and this includes retractable roofs, portable shelters and building facades that can be adapted at will. It is not the first occasion that origami has turned out to be an inspiration for various design and engineering projects. There are wheels and bridges – and there have even been cases of origami robots.

Snapology is the latest process to be influenced by origami. There are a number of connected cubes that have 36 edges and 24 faces when they are put together. Each of the edges can have cubes folded against them, and as this happens, the shape changes.

Construction and Engineering Are About to Change Forever With This 3D Material

The building can become totally flat but thanks to pneumatic actuators that are built in, there can be different forms programmed in. The trigger for change can be water, electricity or thermal energy.

Standard mechanics have been needed previously, but here there are a number of advantages including how the building will fold and how simple it will be to manufacture. It will be a while however before we see buildings in place but so far the size of the prototype has been 4 x 4 x 4 cube of 64 cells.

Story Via; Harvard.edu

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