Scientists Developed A Stem Cell Repair System

Within the next few years, it may be possible to regenerate human tissues thanks to the research carried out at UNSW Australia. Bones and tissue could be regenerated in the same way that salamanders are able to renew limbs. The leader of this study has been John Pimanda, a professor of haematology at NSW and he explained that the process had already proved to be a success in mice. It is expected that trials on humans will begin towards the end of 2017.

This is seen as a fantastic breakthrough as it is the first time that iMS cells have been able to rebuild a variety of types of tissue. The memories of the cells have been stopped, and they are acting like stem cells and working on different types of cells. AZA and -AB(PDGF-AB) were used as treatment and then just the -AB(PDGF-AB) which is a growth factor.

The problem with using embryonic stem cells is the fact that tumours can form. The new process has been able to override this and according to Dr. Ralph Mobbs Neurosurgeon at UNSWs Prince of Wales Clinical School and who is going to lead the trials, there is great potential when it comes to dealing with neck and back pain. There will also be a quicker recovery rate after surgery.

As 20% of spinal implants do not heal in the way it would be hoped, this system will speed up the process and encourage implants to fuse with the existing bone. It is a huge step forward.

Story Via; UNSW.edu.au

Massive Ice Shelves That Cling to the Edges of Antarctica are Breaking Apart

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

There have been noticeable changes to Matienzo, the Argentinian research base in the Antarctic peninsula. Thick ice surrounded it and had done for years, but on a recent visit, those collecting drinking water felt uncomfortable. It was melting, and quite a lot in certain areas. So much so that a sled could be seen and it had been discarded and buried decades earlier. It was proof of long term deterioration. A few weeks later, the ice shattered and disintegrated.

As a result, more is now known about how vulnerable the Antarctic is, and more recent estimations show that there may be a 6-foot rise in sea level by the turn of the next century. This is double what had previously been expected.

David Pollard of Pennsylvania State and Robert DeConto of the University of Massachusetts have been looking at possible outcomes for the ice. As the earth has orbited the sun over thousands of years, the ice has collapsed and reformed, and the same pattern has always been followed.

Massive Ice Shelves That Cling to the Edges of Antarctica are Breaking Apart

It has been noticed that the ice was sensitive, and it became warmer than many other places on earth. Certain areas showed signs of having melted and reset. There is no another attack on the ice, and that is from under the shelves.

Polar scientist Douglas Fox has recorded more of their findings than those above, including the fact that maps can no longer be used in some parts of the Antarctic as the ice has moved so much.

Douglas Fox is a freelance writer who specializes in polar science; his stories have taken him to Antarctica five times in recent years.

Check this; “Why the New Sea Level Alarm Can’t Be Ignored.”

The New Laser Technique Promises Super-Fast and Secure Quantum Cryptography

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

Researchers have overcome the problems of sending sensitive messages by sending them inside light particles. If a laser beam is placed inside another, it will be possible to pass around encryption keys up to 6 order of magnitude higher than in the past.

Encryption is vital as it means that sensitive material can be safely shared. As only the people involved know the key, only they can carry out decryption. It is easier to break the code as computers get faster. With quantum cryptology, it will be possible to send unbreakable codes as the key will be randomly generated. Polarised protons are sent in different directions by the sender – “Alice” – and the receiver –“Bob” – can measure photon detectors to turn photons into bits and to provide the right order Bob will receive the key.

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The New Laser Technique Promises super-fast and secure Quantum Cryptography — The depiction of indistinguishable photons is leaving through the same output port of a beam splitter. Credit: Lucian Comandar

If interception is attempted, the key changes and according to Lucian Comandar at the Department of Engineering at Cambridge, even with the laws of physics, the attacker will not break the code. There has been a problem putting together a system that can be used. New ways of attack are developed, then ways to prevent the attacks formulated.

Photon detectors are often attacked because they are complex and vulnerable. To combat this, MDI-QKD has been developed – measurement device independent quantum key distribution. The detector is not needed, and both sender and receiver use Charlie to send the photons. They pass through a beam splitter that measures them, and the values will remain secret. Even if Charlie tried, he would not stop the safety of the information.

Source: Phys.org

Scientists Used Genes to Extend Banana Lifespan

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

It seems that it is not possible to keep bananas for long as they start to deteriorate within a few days of purchase. By altering the genes of the fruit, Israeli scientists have found a way to slow down the speed at which they rot. Volcani Institute researcher, Dr. Haya Freidman believes that once the modification has occurred, the bananas will last twice as long before decomposition begins.

Bananas that had been modified were kept alongside ones which remained unaltered and there was clearly a difference in the length of time that the altered once remained fresh. Considering the bananas were more than a month old, it is clear that improvements are being made, as one being tested is almost black and the other still yellow and fresh looking. This experiment is going forward after previous research had been carried out on tomatoes, but here the specific gene that needs to be controlled has been identified. This was not an easy task as there are 80 possible genes, but they did manage to isolate it.

The Volcani Institute is associated with the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and the findings are going to help Israeli growers as it will open up new markets, as well as strengthening existing ones. Extending shelf life is going to encourage buyers to choose Israeli bananas over others.

The taste of the banana does not change and there is no damage to its make-up. Dr, Freidman hopes that the results are going to benefit developing countries as the inhabitants’ diet consist largely of fresh items.

Carbon Fiber Ropes Could Save a Building From Earthquakes

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

Securing a building and keeping it safe from earthquakes takes a lot of work and seismic retrofitting is the way to do it. The problem that does need to be addressed is the risk of permanent damage to the building – and this relates to the way that it looks. Carbon fibre could be the answer according to a company in Japan.

Called CABKOMA Strand Rod, the reinforcement material is classed as super-light and is produced by the Komatsu Seiten Fabric Laboratory. This item is so light that a garden hose weighs more than a 520- foot piece of this thermoplastic resin.

By using this carbon fibre, shockwaves will be absorbed, and bulk will not be added. This is 90% lighter than steel and yet just as strong. It also is incredibly flexible and therefore there is not drilling needed in order to install it. All that is required here is adhesive and some screws. Rather than connecting the foundations and walls of the building together, it is the roof that is attached to the ground, so everything moves once the shockwaves hit it.

Carbon Fiber Ropes Could Save a Building From an Earthquakes

Kengo Kuma is the architect recruited to work on the HQ of Komatsu Seiten and here the strands replicate the strings of a harp as the drop to the ground. There are not as yet plans for all Japanese buildings to be wrapped this way, although fragile important constructions will be protected and yet will not be spoiled by the addition.

Major Tech Companies: Blocking Clean Power Plans Will Be Costly

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

President Barack Obama has the backing of Apple, Google, Microsoft and Amazon when it comes to the Clean Power Plan his administration has brought forward. Issues in 2015, states will be required to cut back on the amount of greenhouse gases that come from all US electric power plants.

The work to make this happen will have to be carried out by the Environmental Protection Agency will regulate it. There have been objections from 24 states and February saw the temporary blocking of the plan after the receipt of stay applications.

Along with the people already mentioned, many others have thrown their support behind the plans, and this includes environmental groups and others who either have been or still are making the nations’ laws.

Apple, Google, Amazon and Microsoft are major consumers of energy, and they are looking at ways to reduce this and want to use more sustainable methods and use renewable sources.

This backs the view that climate change will cost us dearly while low-carbon use will bring many benefits including the ability to fight back against natural disasters as well as economic growth. The companies are also hoping to calm any fears that are rising as a result of the plans.

In 2014, Amazon pledged to reach the use of 100% renewable energy, while Apple already has 100% renewable power in the US plus 93% globally.

Google’s purchase of 2 gigawatts of renewable energy place it as the largest corporate buyer in the word and since 2012 Microsoft has been carbon neutral.

You can read the full brief here. The case is scheduled for oral argument on June 2.

Why Do We Get Freckles?

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

If you have freckles, you will be seen as a trendsetter at the moment, and this will be men as well as women. Not only are natural ones seen as attractive, but there are make-up artists who are encouraging people to use fake ones to look younger and more appealing. For those who have them as a gift of nature, they can feel pleased that they have the right look and have not had to do anything about it.

If you want to know why some people have freckles, it will be a good idea to look at YouTube as there are videos put there by SciShow, and they make fascinating viewing. It is explained how freckles are formed and why not everyone has them. If you do have freckles, you will have increased melanin, and it is cells named melanocytes that produce it. There is no need to be worried that the melanin may be dangerous to you as it is the name given to the protein that will determine the colour of some parts of the body including eyes, hair and skin. If you have some left over once these decisions have been made, then you have freckles.

The good news is that they will also protect the skin from the sun’ rays and are not, as thought, a concern that too much sun has reached the skin. It helps in protection but is not enough to stop sunscreen still being used.

Find Simple Methods to Prevent Heart Attacks and Stroke

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Andrew Thomas

12,000 patients who come from 21 countries have been studied by the Population Health Research Institute regarding drugs that can stop CVD and many of the strokes and heart attacks they lead to. Out of the 50 million suffered, around 18million die.

Dr. Salim Yusuf said that with just 10% of those already at risk being helped, it could mean a better outlook for up to 30 million people. There have been three methods followed, and this includes two types of therapy. Statins that can lower cholesterol and blood pressure drugs known as antihypertensives are used and also a combination of the two.

The studies are recorded as Hope-3 and are produced in the New England Journal of Medicine and covered those at risk rather than those already diagnosed. Statins improved 25% of patients while antihypertensives did not have as much of an effect on CVD patients, but showed some improvement for those with hypertension. Another 5% was added when both worked together.

Along with Dr. Yusuf was Dr. Eva Lonn and Lonn stated that the trials cleared up how to best manage cholesterol and blood pressure. It means that a solution can be brought to more people worldwide who were already at risk.

Countries who find antihypertensives and statins inexpensive will consider the findings of Hope-3 promising but certain parts of the world will still be pried out. The hope is that the prices continue to drop and will do so more and more as they are used more widely.

Source; Mcmaster.ca / eurekalert.org

Feature Photo; ShutterStock

We Could colonise The Moon With Using a Steam Powered Spacecraft

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Andrew Thomas

It is hoped that humans could colonise the moon and spacecraft powered by steam will be the way to do it. Cheap fuel could come from the ice water in asteroids and unlike when using steam power on earth, the steam would push the item forward. Reaching Mars is out of the question at present, but due to low gravity, a very little effort will be needed to push the craft forward when it happens.

University of South Florida’s Dr Phil Metzger is working on using the materials on the moon and says that Earth is not the only planet with resources. He believes that in time we will be able to live on other planets. The moon is being seen as a stopping off place as crafts need to refuel on their way to Mars. Since water was found on the moon, there is the hope that a Mars mission will come about.

We Could colonise The Moon With Using a Steam Powered Spacecraft — Stopping off at points along the way could reduce costs to Mars, MIT calculated CREDIT: ILLUSTRATION: CHRISTINE DANILOFF/MIT/ILLUSTRATION: CHRISTINE DANILOFF/MIT

Robots are going to be used to look for the water and they will be controlled from Earth, and in time, people will be able to live there. Knowing that spacecraft can stop will reduce the cost of any trips that are made to Mars. At present everything, a craft needs must be loaded at the beginning, but in the future 68% less mass would be necessary if refuelling was available.

The savings are attractive but everything must be safe. It is the weight difference that will save a lot of fuel and as it is stated that hydrogen and oxygen can be collected on the moon, it can be stored and used for refuelling.

How Climate Change Will Affect What We Eat?

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Mehmet Hatipoglu

Climate change could cost us one in six species of animal. It is certainly going to change the way farming is carried out across the world. The hope is that resurrection plants can be used to allow crops to cope for long periods without water and University of Cape Towns’ Jill Farrant is exploring this.

These plants are able to come back from the dead, and further good news is that rumours of food crops going extinct are exaggerated. All will be able to grow somewhere according to CGIAR Research Programmes leader Andrew Jarvis.

High quality chocolate will be less available in the future, and if you want it, you’ll have to pay a lot more for it

There is however bad news as some crops will have to be grown elsewhere and the local area will be affected. Access to items will change, and the level to which the changes occur will depend upon how hot things become with temperatures of over 30 degrees causing major problems. Professor Wolfram Schlenker of Columbia University uses soybean and corn as examples.

Climate Change Will Affect What We Eat — About 4% of the world’s croplands experience drought in any given year, but by the end of the century, this figure is projected to jump to about 18% per year.

Companies are working to improve things as the Gates Foundation are working towards producing crops that can cope with drought and unusual temperatures. Genetic engineering is the future, and yet it is not the final solution.

80% of coffee-growing zones in Central America and Brazil could become unsuitable by 2050

Sure current farming methods will help, and this can be things as basic as using a little extra fertilizer to improving irrigation methods. There would be a vast improvement just as a result of using what is available better.

A final solution would be to change our diet and not rely on products such as corn, wheat and rice which are all sensitive to heat.

Story Via; Bbc.com

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