“Ice nucleation is a physical process that is of fundamental importance for the water cycle since it contributes to the formation of precipitation in clouds,” confirms Boris Vinatzer, a professor of plant pathology, physiology, and weed sciences in the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
A recent paper published in the International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal by Vinatzer details how finding this new molecule will allow scientists to gain a much deeper insight into the process of ice nucleation. Although scientists first discovered this process back in the 70’s, all bacteria found since then used the same mechanism too. What these bacteria all had in common was that they all possessed the same protein called the ice nucleation activity (INA) protein. One of these bacteria is actually used today to produce snow at some ski resorts.
The bacterium that Vinatzer and colleagues found is called Lysinibacillus and is the first of its kind that can nucleate ice but doesn’t encode the INA protein. Instead, it secretes a non-protein filled molecule into its environment.
The team discovered the new bacterium among rainwater that was collected over a course of 15 months from 23 different storms. They were samples that had been collected from three separate locations near Blacksburg, Virginia. As well as the Lysinibacillus bacterium the researchers also discovered hundreds of other types of bacteria that can nucleate ice and so were able to gain new knowledge regarding the genetics of those too.
The next move now for the researchers is to identify the molecule. Professor David G. Schmale is another author on the paper and he said, “Once discovered, the molecule could be used in the future for snow making or even weather modification.”
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