The power for future human settlements on Mars could very well be nuclear. An operating source of power is required for providing air, fuel, and water for settlers. Currently, NASA is developing a $15 million project to make nuclear fission reactors that would operate on the planet Mars. Already they’ve built a number of 6.5ft reactors that are scheduled to begin testing on Earth soon.
The reactors split atoms, specifically uranium atoms, in order to produce power. If the tests are successful, the generators will be sent to Mars for further testing. In addition to the air, fuel, and water a human settlement would need, it would also require power to create electricity for vehicles and scientific equipment as well as light and heat.
The reactors NASA is testing produce up to 10 kilowatts of electricity, which is enough to sustain a mission to Mars crew of two people, based on estimates made in 2008 by NASA for an 8 person crew requiring 40 kilowatts.
Other nuclear reactors have been tested in space previously.
In the 1960s, the NASA program SNAP, or Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power, developed the radioisotope thermoelectric generator, or RTG. The generator contains a chunk of plutonium-238 that radiates heat and power as it decays. RTGs are still in use today in both the Curiosity rover and the Cassini probe.
However, as Lee Mason, the oversees the development of power and energy storage tech at NASA’s Glenn Research Center, there hasn’t been much opportunity since then for these types of tests: “ It’s the first time we operate a fission reactor that could be used in space since the 1960s SNAP program.”
Creating a functional power source for the Mars missions will be an essential component if they are to be successful. Nuclear fission is the natural choice as solar panels would be ineffective given Mars’ well-known dust storms as well as the red planet’s distance from the Sun.
“We’ve landed some really cool things on Mars and they’ve had some pretty remarkable power systems … but they’re not going to cut it for human missions,” said Mason during Humans to Mars Summit held last month in Washington, D.C.
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