According to some scientists and a model based on quantum correction, the universe may have been in existence forever. This theory complements Einstein’s theory of relativity. Using this same theory, scientists estimate the universe to be around 13.8 billion years old. To begin with, everything in existence is thought to occupy singularity. After this started to expand in the Big Bang, the Universe officially began.
However, some scientists have a problem with this theory because the math does not explain what happened before or at the point of singularity, only what occurred afterward. Ahmed Farag Ali at Benha University and the Zewail City of Science and Technology said, “The Big Bang singularity is the more severe problem of general relativity because the laws of physics appear to break down there.” Both Ali and coauthor Saurya Das at the University of Lethbridge has demonstrated how the Big Bang singularity is resolved by their model where there is no beginning or end to the Universe. The paper they published used Bohmian trajectories that were applied to a 1950’s equation developed by Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri at Presidency University.
The duo devised quantum-corrected equations which use general relativity to describe the expansion and evolution of the Universe. Their model contains elements of both quantum theory and general relativity and combines them into a kind of quantum gravity theory. But one thing it doesn’t do is predict a Big Bang singularity or a Big Crunch singularity either. In their paper, Ali and Das explain how their model has a fundamental difference between classical geodesics and Bohmian trajectories and for that reason, avoids singularities. When it comes to classical geodesics, they will eventually cross, and the points at which they converge are singularities. With Bohmian trajectories, they never cross; therefore there are no singularities in the equation.
So, basically, Ali and Das’ model displays the universe as being filled with a quantum fluid that may consist of gravitons that are said to play a pivotal role in the quantum gravity theory. Following the creation of a model that can potentially resolve the Big Bang singularity, the team is now looking to use the model more vigorously under different circumstances and involving perturbations.
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